As obesity, diabetes, and their metabolic sequelae keep rising across the world, exercise is emerging as an important determinant to maintain energy balance. This meeting will explore the biology of exercise from a whole-body perspective as to how the body and brain adapt its metabolism during exercise to the cellular level, looking at fuel use and how exercise induces browning of white fat. We will also explore other beneficial effects of exercise, including protection against neurodegeneration and whether it might be possible to generate exercise in a pill.